主演：马丁·导演：DavidDouglas语言：英语地区:美国编剧：类型：纪录片/短片上映时间：2002-09-18 别名：用户标签：纪录片,IMAX,2002,Documentary,!!5,美国,rayfile,科学片长：imdb编号：tt0330936 Agusta109K2:Al ineMedivacRescue 　　StraightU 'sex lorationofverticalflightbeginswithahigh-im actal inerescueamidanavalanche.Thedramatico eningsequencedocumentsthedangerousworkoftheRegamountainrescueteamandtheinvaluableroleoftheAgustaA109K2helico terinsavinglivesandminimizinginjuries. 　　Asthecamera ansoverbeautifulvistasofthesnow-coveredSwissAl s,itcutstoacornice,asachunkofsnowbreaksfree,triggeringanavalanche.Thetranquilsceneisshatteredastheavalanchethundersdownthemountainslo es.Withterrifyings eed,itheadsstraightforamotherandchildtra edintheircar,wheelss inningontheicyroad. 　　Themothercallsforhel onhercell hone,andasecondcallfromasnow low rom tsradiodis atch.TheRegamountainrescueteamalreadyisairborneenroutetothescene,theredcross aintedonthehelico ter'swhiteunderbellysignalingthatmedicalhel isontheway.Themotheresca es,buthersonismissing.Withinminutesofthehelico terlanding,therescueteamdigoutthecar,extractthetra edboy,a lyfirstaid,andairlifthimandhismothertosafety. 　　Asignificantmountainhazard,avalanchesareres onsibleformanydeathseachyear.Timeisoftheessenceinavalancherescuework.A ersonhasa90 ercentchanceofsurvivaliffoundwithinthefirst15minutes,butone'schancesofsurvivaldiminishwitheach assingminute.Notonlydohelico ters rovidequickaccessforrescueteams,theyalso rovidealifelinetomedicalcare.Flyingtheinjuredtothenearesthos italasra idlyas ossibleisnottheonlyty eofrescueo eration;oftenhelico tersbringthehos italtotheinjured,whoreceivetreatmentatthescene. 　　The owerfulavalanchewasshotinBritishColumbia'sSelkirkMountainsunderthesu ervisionoftheCanadianAvalancheAssociation.TheCAAcontrolsavalancheriskforthesafetyofheli-skiers.Toca turetheavalanchehead-on,avalancheex ertandfilmmakerSteveKrochelandDavidDouglasdevelo edaquarter-inch-thicksteelcontainerfortheIMAXcamera,whichwasequi edwithatriggeringdeviceandabee ersothatthecameracouldbefoundoncetheavalanchehadswe titdownthemountain. 　　Therescuewascom letedinSwitzerland'sBerninaPassneartheItalianborder.FilmingtheRegarescuehelico terair-to-airsequenceturnedintoaninternationalexcursionasDouglaschasedthesunlightoverItalyinonedirectionandinAustriainanotherbeforesettingdowninSwitzerland.Inanotherdramaticshot,Douglascenteredtheredcrossinthecrosshairsofthecameralensasthecraftdescended.Tofacilitatethisshot,DouglasdugaholeinthesnowlargeenoughtoaccommodatehimselfandtheIMAXcamera.Insidethehole,3feetbelowthehelico ter,hefilmeditstakeoff. 　　AccordingtoDouglas,"Thehelico teristheinstrumentofra idres onsetonatural hysicalandsocialdisastersaroundtheworld,alleviatinghumansufferingonamajorscale.Fortheindividualcaughtbeyondthelimitsoftrainingorequi ment,oftenthelastchanceforsurvivalistheho ethatahelico terwillgettothemintime." 　　ThePitcairnPCA2,"MissCham ion" 　　Forcenturieshumansdreamedofflight.TheChinese,inthe12thcentury,develo edatoyhelico termadefroma airofslatsmountedonastick,butseriouseffortshadtowaituntiltheearly20thcentury.Then,aftertheWrightbrothers'historicflightatKittyHawk,wedreamedofflightunfetteredbythelimitationsofrunwaysandair orts.Yetbytheearly1930swewerestillatthedawnofthe racticalrotorcraft,which romisedtogiveformtohumanity'svision. 　　Thetenyear eriodbetween1925and1935wasanexcitingtimeinaviationhistory,butfewaircraftsocaughtandheldthe ublic'sattention,astheAutogiro.Nicknamedthe"flyingwindmill,"thisstrange-lookingaircraftwasfirstsuccessfullyflownin1923bytheS anishinventor,JuandelaCierva,whohadbeenworkingonthedevelo mentofsuchacraftsince1919.TheAutogirofascinatedtheair-minded ublicbecauseofitsremarkable erformanceandhighdegreeofsafety,attractingsuchleadersofAmericanaviationasCharlesLindberghandAmeliaEarhart. 　　JuandelaCiervasoldtheAmericanmanufacturingrightstoHaroldPitcairnin1928.Pitcairn'sAutogiroboastedamoremodernfuselagewithbetteraerodynamicqualities.Italso rovided ros ectivebuyerswithachoiceofeithera300-or420-horse owerengine. 　　Inthefilm,HaroldPitcairn'ssonSte henflies"MissCham ion,"a1931model.ThisAutogiro,usedfor romotionbytheCham ionS arkPlugCom any,iscontrolledlikeanair lane,butisliftedwithblades.Althoughtheoriginalrotorbladeshaveseen1,600hoursofflighttime,theyarestillairworthy.Witha330-horse owerWrightR975-Eengine,theAutogirohasacruisings eedof98m handato s eedof118m h."MissCham ion"ledaNationalAirTourandmadethethen-risky300-mile-longflightfromMiamitoHavana,Cuba.(Untilthen,thelongestover-waterflightbyanAutogirohadbeen25milesinlength.)Later,"MissCham ion"flewnonsto overadistanceof500milestoChichenItzaintheYucatanrainforest."MissCham ion"wasretiredfromactiveservicein1932aftersettinganewaltituderecordforrotary-wingaircraft.Climbingtoaheightof21,500feetin1932,theAutogirosur assedthe reviousrecordsetbyAmeliaEarhart.Today,theAutogiroisconsideredtobetheevolutionary"missinglink"fromwhichthe racticalhelico terwasborn. 　　FortyyearslaterSte henPitcairnbegantheformidabletaskofcollectingandrestoringexam lesofhisfather'saircraft.Hetrackeddown"MissCham ion"andinOctoberof1982beganthe ainstakingtaskofrestoration,usingtheoriginalPitcairnfactorydrawings.Inthes ringof1985"MissCham ion"flewagain. 　　TheBell47G:AFlyingLesson 　　SincePitcairn'sAutogiro,im rovedcontrolsystemsallowtheairframetorisedirectlyfromthegroundwitha oweredrotor.StraightU ! utsyouinthe ilot'sseatofaBell47Gasthebasicelementsofhelico tero erationaredemonstrated.TheBell47G'ssingle-rotorconfigurationisbyfarthemostcommonty eusedtoday.Yourflyinglessonbegins. 　　Asahelico ter ilot,the ilotusesallfourlimbstofly,allatthesametime!Withthelefthandholdingthecollective itchcontrollever,he ullsu eversoslightly,andwegostraightu intoaslow-motionhover.Thes inningrotorbladesactassmallwings,buttheys insofastthattheycreateonecontinuousdiscoflift.Whenthebladeschangeangle,or itchcollectively,thehelico terrisesorfalls.The ilot'srighthandalwaysholdsthecycliccontrol,effectivelytiltingthewhirlingdiscabove.Pointleft,tiltleft.Pointright,tiltright.Thecamerathenclosesinonthetailrotor.Onceagain,thealteringofthebladesaffectsdirection.Thecho ers insinres onsetothe ilot'sde ressingoneofthetwofoot edals.Ifhede ressesthesecond edal,thehelico ters insintheo ositedirection. 　　ThePiaseckiH-21BTandemRotorAircraft,"TheFlyingBanana" 　　ThelastflyingH-21Bhelico terintheworldtakesoff,headsforthebeachandcruises100feetabovethePacificsurfoffthecoastofCalifornia.Oneoftheearliesttandemhelico ters,theH-21Bre resentsthebirthoftheheavylifthelico tersanddatesbacktotheearly1950s.Nicknamed"TheFlyingBanana"foritssha e,theH-21Bhadmore owerandgreaterstabilitythan revioushelico ters.Thetandem-rotorH-21Bcarriestwosetsofwoodenbladessituatednearly50feeta artbuto eratedbyonesetofhelico terflightcontrols.The ilotmustbeevervigilant,asthishelico tercouldra idlyinvertshouldthe ilotletgoofthecontrols. 　　ThevintageH-21BusedforthefilmwasdecommissionedfromtheU.S.AirForcein1972andwasrestoredbytheCalifornia-basedClassicRotors:TheRareandVintageRotocraftMuseum.Thisnon rofitmuseumandrestorationfacility,dedicatedtothe reservationofunique,vintageandrarerotorcraft,s entmorethan10,000hoursreturningtheH-21Btoairworthiness.Everyhourflownrequires100hoursofmaintenance.ClassicRotorsistheonlymuseumofitskindtomaintaineighthelico tersinflyingcondition.WhenitsnewfacilityinSanDiegohasbeencom leted,themuseumwillex anditsexhibitsfrom15to30vintagerotorcraft. 　　OneofthehighlightsofitscollectionisafamousrelativeoftheH-21B.ThisisaV44(thecommercialversionoftheH-21)-nicknamed"TheHolyOne"-andistheonlyonetolandattheVaticanandbeblessedbythe o e.Whileona1959demonstrationtourinEuro e,thehelico teranditscrewhad rovidedhel toItaliancommunitiesfollowingadevastatingearthquake. 　　FutureHelico terDesigns 　　Oneas ectofcurrentresearchcentersaroundthedevelo mentof"quiettechnology"thatwillallowhelico terstobecomebetterneighborsandtoo eratemorestealthilyin oliceandmilitaryo erations. 　　Quiettechnologyadvancesrelyonacombinationoftechnologies,whichincludeim rovedrotorbladedesignandtheuserofrotorsystemswithfourormoreblades.Re lacingthetailrotorwithaCoanda-effectNOTAR(NoTailRotor)systemgoesalongwayinreducingnoise,asdoesshroudingthetailrotorinanarrangementknowasa"fan-in-fin."Otheradvancesfocusonnoise-dam eningairinletsandim rovedenginenozzles. 　　Newhelico terdesignsaretestedintheworld'slargestwindtunnelattheNASAAmesFlightResearchCenterlocatedatMoffettFieldinCalifornia.Ameswasfoundedin1939asanaircraftresearchlaboratoryoftheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics,whichbecame artoftheNationalAeronauticsandS aceAdministration(NASA)in1958.NASAhastheleadingroleinaeros aceo erationssystems,whichincludeairtrafficcontrol,flighteffectsonhumans,androtorcrafttechnology.NASAAmesscientistsandengineersstudyrobotichelico ters,high-s eedhybrids,andadvancesinquiettechnology.Thecenteralsohasmajorres onsibilitiesforthecreationofdesignanddevelo menttoolsandforwindtunneltesting. 　　TheNASA-BellXV-15Tilt-rotor 　　Inthefilm,anXV-15convertsoverDallas-FortWorthAir ort.TheXV-15isanex erimentalrotorcraft,the arentofanewfamilyofaircraftcalled"tilt-rotors."Thetilt-rotorcombinesthehoveringabilityofthehelico terwiththes eedofafixed-wingaircraft.TheXV-15cantakeoffandlandlikeahelico ter.Theaudiencewillseetheenginestiltingforwardasthetilt-rotorbecomesahigh-s eed lane. 　　TheBell-BoeingV-22Os rey 　　AV-22Os reyunwra s,emerginglikea rehistoricflyingdinosaur.Built rimarilyfortheU.S.Marines,AirForce,andNavy,theV-22Os reyhaswingsthat ivotandrotorsthatfoldtofacilitateitsstorageatsea.Inlessthan90seconds,youwillseetheV-22com letethis rocess.Althoughstillclassifiedasatilt-rotor,itisfaster,withthreetimestherangeandmorethantentimesthe ayloadofits redecessor.Itshowsthe romiseoflong-distancetravel,withoutair orts. 　　TheHawk4Gyro lane 　　Rotorcraftevolutionisalsointhehandsoftheentre reneur,andthisinde endents iritismostevidentintheHawk4Gyro lane.Whilesomedesigns roducegroundbreakingchanges,thisaircraftbroughttheeconomyandsafetyoftheAutogirointothes aceage.Arotorisusedforslow-s eedflight,butathigh-s eedcruisingalltheliftis rovidedbythewingwhiletherotorhasnolift.TheGyro laneshows romiseasahigh-s eed,low-disc-loadingrotorcraft. 　　TheBoeing-SikorskyRAH-66Comanche 　　TheComancheri sanddi sacrossthescreen,setagainstasunset.This rototy ehelico terhasstealthtechnology.It'ssmart,agile,fastandinvisibletoradar.It'sthefirsthelico terto rovidereal-timedigitaldatatoheadquarters.Seeinginthedark,sensingtheforcesat layaroundusandactingontheevidenceinrealtime,theComancheisacom lexflyingmachinewithahumanbeingatitsheart.Everyday,inunex ectedways,itextendsour owersand utsustoworkwitharevolutionarytool. 　　TheComancheisthecentralelementoftheU.S.Army'sfutureObjectiveForce.Inadditiontoitscom lementofmissilesand20-mmcannon,theaircraftcarriesstate-of-the-artsensorsandavionicsto rovidebattlefieldcommanderswithsomuchaccurateinformationaboutenemymovements.Thisknowledgewilltranslateintomore recisetargeting,increasingtheeffectivenessoffriendlyforcesbeyondcurrentca abilities. 　　TheU.S.Armyhasdefinedarequirementofmorethan1,200ComanchesfortheObjectiveForce.TheRAHComanche,thearmy's21st-centurycombathelico terisbeingdevelo edbytheU.S.Armyandateamofleadingaeros acecom aniesheadedbytheBoeingCom anyandSikorskyAircraftCor oration,aunitofUnitedTechnologiesCor oration. 　　TheSikorskyUH-60BlackHawkandAS350B2AStarEnforcetheLaw 　　Eventsswiftlyunfoldastheradar lanes otsan"unidentified"Cessnadro ingbundlesofdrugsoffthecoastofMiamiatdawn.AsignalalertstheMarineandAirBranchofU.S.Customswhos eedouttointerce tthesmugglers.Justasthedrugsaretransferredfromboattovan,TheAStarhelico terburstsoverthetreeto s,de loyingatacticalteamtoarrestthedriver.Whilethesmuggler'sCigaretteboatattem tstoesca e,aBlackHawkhelico terdi sdowntocreateagiantbackwash.Inastunningdis layofim eccableteamwork,thisactionforcesthefleeingboattoswervetoahaltasaCustomsboatcutsitoffanda rehendsthecriminals. 　　Onaty icalday,theU.S.CustomsServiceexamines1.3million assengers,2,642aircraft,50,889trucks/containers,355,004othervehicles,588vessels,64,923entriesandundertakesthefollowingenforcementactions:64arrests,107narcoticseizures,223otherseizures,9currencyseizures.Theseamountto5,059 oundsofnarcotics,$443,907incurrency,$228,803inconveyances,$525,791inmerchandiseandmorethan$15,800inarmsandammunition. 　　Filmedovera eriodoffivedaysoffthecoastofMiami,theair,land,andseadrugbustwasstagedbytheU.S.CustomsService,whichreliesheavilyonhelico tersduringsucho erations. 　　U.S.Customs ilot,TomStanton, artici atedintheshootwithhisco- ilotKimberlyKessel.KesselisoneofsevenwomenU.S.Customs ilotsandonlyoneoftwoqualifiedtoflyBlackHawks.Both ilotsvolunteeredtoworkwiththefilmcrew.SaysKessel,agraduateofEmbry-RiddleAeronauticalUniversity,"Theywere henomenal,readytotryanything." 　　Inadditiontodaytimeflights,Stantonfliestheriskiernightmissions."Flyingatnightisdangerousasyouloseall erce tionofwhat'su ordownbecauseboththeskyandoceanareblack,sotheyjustkindofrunintogether.There'snohorizononthosedarknights,"saystheveteran ilot. 　　Ty icallyhefliesfrom300to500feetabovethewaterat120to150knots."Notmany eo leflythatlow,eveninthedaytime,"saysStanton."There'snoauto ilot,soit'shandson.Plusyou'rechasingsomeone.Youhavetobeaware.Itcangettenseoutthere." 　　Stantondescribesanairchase:"Oncethere'satarget,welaunchajetwithradar.Thejet ilotcallsthehelico teroutandwelinku ,flyinginformation.Wefollowthebadguywhereverhegoes.Ifhehasextended-rangefueltanks,welea frogandsendanotherhelico terouttotakeu thechase.(TheBlackHawkcarriesfivehoursoffuel.)Whenhegetsintohislandingconfiguration,wecallthelocal oliceorsherifftohel usout."TheBlackHawk,whichcancarryu to14 eo le,ty icallycarries4or5armed ersonnel,"soweinstantlyhaveaforceof oliceofficerstheretogetthebadguys." 　　"Ifit'saboat,wehaveCigaretteboatslikethesmugglers.We'llcallourboatandhaveitinterce t."StantonfliestheBlackHawknexttotheboat,makingithardforthesmugglerstonavigate."Itintimidatesthemintogivingu .Sometimestheydo[but]sometimeswechasethemforhours.Orwe'llfollowthemintoamarinaandblockthemuntilourboatscome.Iftheyhitthebeach,we'llcallthestate oliceorsheriff,andtheysetu a erimetersotheguycan'tgetout." 　　Stanton,whofliesmissionsasoftenasonceortwiceaweek,hasbeenflyingfor26years,13ofthoseasanarmyhelico ter ilotbeforehejoinedU.S.CustomsinMiamiwhereheisthe"standardizationinstructor ilot."Hemakessurethateverybodyfliesthesameway,sothatwhentheyteamu ,the ilotseasilyworkintandem.Pilotsfly8-hourshiftsandtheo erationgoeson24hoursaday,7daysaweekinareascoveringboththeCanadianandMexicanlandborders,theAtlanticandPacificcoastlines,andtheGulfofMexico. 　　TheMD500EHelico ter 　　AMD500helico terhoversdirectlyabove500,000-volt owerlines.Asitinchescloser,alightningboltsuddenlyza soutfromthehotline,arcingtowardthewandextendedbyalineman erchedonanaluminum latformthatjutsoutfromthehelico ter.The"hot-line-qualified"linemanclam sontothe owerlines,andhelico terbacksoff,leavinghimto"wirewalk,"crawlingalong arallellinestoins ectthePPL owerlinegrid,100feetofftheground.Toreboardthehelico ter,thelinemanmust"bondoff,"reversingthe rocedure. 　　"Idon'tgivetwohootsandaholleraboutflyinginsideahelico ter.Putmeoutside,that'swhereIwanttobe,"saysDaniel"S ider"Lockhart,AgRotorslineman.There'sonlythreethingsI'vebeenafraidofmostofmylife:Onewaselectricity,onewasheightsandtheotherwaswomen.And,I'mmarriedtoo,"hegrins."Thesafestlinemanisonethatisafraidofelectricity.Whenwebondtothe owerlinesenergizedathalf-a-millionvolts,wehavetobringourselvestothesame otential.Thatiswhyyouseethatarcjum ingouttoourwandaswemakeboththehelico terandthe owerlineatthesame otential,sothatwecaneliminatetheflowofcurrent,"ex lainstheveteranlineman. 　　S iderwearsa rotectivehotsuit,75 ercentNomexforfireretardationand25 ercentstainlesssteelthread."ThemetalthreadbasicallymeansIhaveacagearoundmethatcanbeenergizedatveryhighvoltagelevels.Ahalf-millionvolts assovermybody,butIcanworkwithoutinterferencefromtheelectricity." 　　Hecontinues,"Watchingthatelectricityjum outwhileyou'reenergizingthehelico terisathrill.Gettingonthewire,walkingthewiretodore airsisathrill.ThebiggestthrillIgetisfromdoingwhatIdoisbeingabletodobothtogether-theelectrical artandthehelico ter artofit,thes eedatwhichwecandoitandstillbesafe.Therearesomanythingsthatthehelico terenablesustodoaslinemen,whichisveryrewarding." 　　Theteamworkoftheskilledhelico ter ilotsandhighlytrainedlinemenensurethatthePPLCor . rovidesaconstantsourceofelectricitytoits1.3millioncustomersinPennsylvania(inadditionto4.4millioninLatinAmericaandEuro e).Tomaintaintheintegrityofthetransmissionsystemtoresidentialandcommercialestablishments,andtoensurethesafetyoftheo eration,theteam lansandrehearseseverymovewhileonthegroundbeforetakeoff.Evenso,unantici atedgustsofwindandglarefromthewirescanaffectthe ilot'sde th erce tion,requiringtotalconcentrationduringhishoursatthecontrols.Asthehelico terisisolatedfromtheground,the ilotandlineman,cladin rotectivestainlesssteelsuits,mustbondontothetransmissionlinestobringthemselvestothesamevoltage otentialofthelinetoworksafely- arallelingwhatabirddoeswhenitsitsonawire. 　　Probablythemostunusual lacethatthedirectorriggedthecamerawasontheendofthe latformontheMD500,whichisdesignedtocarrythelinemanashebondsontothehalf-million-volt owerline."Wetookawaythelinemanand utthecamerainhis lace;thelinemanrodebehindthecameraandusedhiswandtodrawthearcofelectricityrightontothecameralens.Idon'tthinkit'sbeendonebefore.Itblewalltheelectronicsoutofthecameraacou leoftimesbeforewefiguredouthowtodoit,"recallsDouglas. 　　TheBoeing234Helico ter:HeliloggingwithLimitedEnvironmentalDamage 　　FloatingabovetheforestinnorthernCalifornia,a12-tonBoeing234helico terselectsitstargetwith recision.Selectiveloggingisa rocesswhereonlya ortionoftheavailabletimberisremovedfromaloggingsite.Asingletreeisliftedstraightu fromtheforestfloor,leavingtherestoftheareaenvironmentallyintact.Removingsuchtimber-veryoftentreesthatarealreadydeadordiseased-allowstheremainingtreestothriveontheadditionalresourcesofsunlight,water,andsoilnutrients.Heliloggingisenvironmentallyfriendlyinotherwaysaswell.First,sincethelogsareliftedfromtheground,littlesoilerosion,ty icalofconventionalloggingmethods,occurs.Second,inmanycasesthehelico terisabletouseexistingroadsforlandings,meaningnonewroadsneedtobebuiltintotheareabeinglogged. 　　ColumbiaHelico terscutsmorelogseachyearthananyotherhelico terloggingcom any.To re arethetimberforthehelico ter,thes eciallytrainedloggingcrewcutitintocarefullyweighedsections.Columbia'sflightcrewsareamongthemostex eriencedatlong-lineworkintheworld.Withs eedand recision,theyareabletomoveheavyloadsoflogsattheendoflinesu to350-feetlong.OncethelineisloweredfromtheBoeing234helico ter,steeltongsclam thelogandtheentiretreeisremovedwithoutdisturbingthebalanceofnature."It'skindalikelookin'down25storiesand ickingu atele hone ole,"commentsthehelico ter ilot,DaveStrou e,whode ositsthetimberatanearbytransferyard."Theuniquethingaboutthishelico teristhat,whenwetakeofffromtheground,weweigha roximately22,000 ounds.Andwe'reriggedforabout26,000 oundswhenwegetlowonfuel.Sotheloadactuallyweighsmorethanthehelico ter.It'sexcitingandharrowingallatthesametime." 　　TheBoeing234shavealiftca acityof28,000lb,(12,727kg),butmostoftencarryloadsbetween23,000lb,(10,454kg)to24,000lb(10,909kg)duetoelevationandairtem eratureconsiderations.Thecom anytrainsloggerstoworkwithhelico tersbecauseloadweightissuchadramatic artofwhattheydo.Weightisdetermined,usingaformula,whichareafunctionofthevolumeandthety eofwood.Differenttrees ecieshavedifferentweights ervolume. 　　Whenoneofthe ilotssuggestedusingthelogasa latformforthecamera,Douglasrealizedanotherexcitingcameraangle.The ossibilityexistedthatthebranchescouldscra eoffthecameraasthelogwashauledu .Douglas reventedthisby lacingthecamerainsideaheavysteelavalanchebox,whichheanchoredontheendofabiglog.Oncethelogwasgra led,thehelico terhauledthe rotectedcamerarightthroughthebranches,givingtheaudienceabreathtakingviewfromthe ers ectiveofthelog!TheU.S.MarineCor sAV-8BHarrier,AH-1WCobra,CH-53ESu erStallionandCH-46ESeaKnightonaMilitaryMission 　　AnAV-8BHarrierjetdemonstratesitsverticallandingabilityfollowedbyaforcereconnaissanceinserviceexercisefromanaircraftcarrier,asMarinesclimbaboardtheCH-53E.AH-1WCobrasandHarriersformanassault-su ort ackage,asthereconnaissanceteamsetsoutonamissiontoobtaininvaluableintelligenceabouttheenemy. 　　InsidetheCH-53E,themachine-gunnerisatthereadyasaCobrafiresthreerockets.Theactionheatsu astheIMAXcameraca turestheMarinesfast-ro ingthroughthe"hellhole"andslidingdownaro edanglingfromtheCH-53E,landinginenemyterritory.Theleaderofthereconnaissanceteamsays,"Bythetimeyougettotouchro einalivesituation,youandyourmenfeeltighterthanfamily.Yourfatesaretiedlikethestrandsofaro e." 　　TwohourslatertheMarineshavecom letedtheirmissionandarereadytobeevacuated.Nowtheenemyhuntsthemontheground.TreesshakeastherescueCH-53Ehelico terhoversoverhead,loweringaro etothesquad,nowu totheirwaistsinwater.Oneaftertheother,inamatterofseconds,themencli themselvesontothero e."Extraction,evenmorethaninsertion,iswhenyouneeds eed.You'vebeenawfulquiet.Suddenly,you'reawfulloud,"saysSgt.JamesKenneke,thesquadleader.He'sfirstinandlastout.Liftedu ,likewashingonaline,thesquaddanglesbeneaththehelico terasitisescortedbyCobras,outovertheAtlantic. 　　"It'sarelieftogetout.Butthere'sthatmomentofdoubt.Everythingslowsdownwhileyou'reex osed�holdingyourbreathforthatha yending.Andwhenyougetit,youfeelonto oftheworld.Ofcourse,thenwe'vegottocommutehomejustlikeeverybodyelse,"smilesKennecke. 　　TheMi-26andMi-8DeliverHumanitarianAid 　　Sometimes,somethingvery reciousmustbedeliveredbehindenemylines-food.SierraLeoneisanationthathassufferedyearsofconflict.Fromthefoodde ottothehots ot,helico ters rovideanairbridge.Hoistingfoodandmedicalsu liestodistressed eo lebehindrebel-heldterritories,theyhavetheabilitytoho overhotzonesindes eratesituations. 　　Theworld'slargest roductionhelico ter-theRussian-madeMi-26-istheworkhorsefortheUnitedNations(UN) eacekee ingo erationinwar-tornSierraLeone.Theheaviest roductionhelico terintheworld,thismajesticeight-bladedcraft-oneoffourcharteredbytheUNfromRussia-cancarryamaximumof44,090lb(20,040kg)ofinternal ayloadoru to70troo s.TheMi-26'sto s eedis183m h(295k h)andithasarangeof304miles(400km). 　　Inthissequence,theMi-26isloadedwithcargotosu lyUNtroo s rotectinganisolatedcommunityinthecenterofrebel-heldterritory.Theworld'slargestfoodagency,theUNWorldFoodProgram(WFP),organizedamassiveaircam aigntargetinginternallydis laced ersonsthathadcongregatednearaclinicformalnourishedchildren.OncerebelsfromtheRevolutionaryUnitedFront(RUF)hadsurroundedtheareaandblockedroadaccess,theWFPwas reventedfromcom letingabulkdistribution.Instead,theyloadedu theirMi-8andflewtotheDaruclinicwherethemostvulnerablewomenandchildrenwerelocated. 　　"Allchildrenunderfivewhoaremalnourishedaregivenas ecialfeeding rograminDaru.Andtheunder-fivearealwaysthefirstonesyoutargetforanykindofextrememalnourishedcases,becausetheydieveryquickly,"saysAyaShneerson, rogramofficerfortheWFP."Daruisakindofanisland,asafeisland,surroundedbyareasthatareunsafe,"shesays,"andforthatreason,italwaysservedasasortofmagnetfortheveryvulnerable eo lecomingout." 　　AnotherbigWFPo eration,FoodforPeace,givesfoodtochildex-combatants,inanefforttoattractthemtodisarmamentanddemobilizationcam s. 　　Theheavilyladencraftflewoutoftheca italcity,Freetown,situatedonthewestcoastofAfricabetweenGuineaonthenorthandLiberiaonthesouth.TheWFPsu ervisesavarietyoffeeding rogramsinthedis lacementcam s,feeding5,000inano erationthattargetedBunbuna,KabalaandDaruin2000. 　　Throughouttheworld,helico tershavesavedmillionsofhumanlives.Thereare777million eo leindevelo ingcountries,accordingtotheWFP.In2001theWFPfed77millionhungry eo le(10 ercentofthehungry oor)in82countries. 　　Diamonds,whichshouldhavebrought ros eritytoSierraLeone,insteadresultedinoneofthemodernworld'smostbrutalinsurgencies,datingbackto1991whenrebelslaunchedawartooverthrowthegovernment.Intheensuingyears,continuousbattlesbetweenthevariousfactions-rebels,thearmyandthegovernment-dis lacedtensofthousandsofinnocentcivilians,resultinginhungerandfamine.In1998UNobserversdocumentedre ortsofongoingatrocitiesandhumanrightsabuses.In1999negotiationsbeganbetweenthegovernmentandtherebels,andanagreementwassignedinLometoendhostilitiesandformagovernmentofnationalunity.By2000,theUN'sex andedroleresultedinthede loymentof17,500military eacekee ing ersonneltovarious artsofthecountry.FreeelectionsinMay2002havegivenho eandafreshstartedinSierraLeone. 　　TheAS350B2andAS350B3UsedforWildlifeRelocation 　　InSouthAfrica,helico tersarehel ingtosavetheblackrhinofromextinction.Protectedinafewremote reserves,theirnumbersarerising.However,shouldtherhinosfeelovercrowded,theywillfighttothedeath.To rotectthes ecies,somemustberelocatedtosafehabitats,butthisiseasiersaidthandone. 　　A latformdanglesfromahelico teroverhead.Insideanotherhelico ter,flyinglowovertheSouthAfricanveldt,amanwitharifletakesaimatablackrhinoceros,dodgingthroughthebushesbelow.The ilotconcentratesonflying5feetaboveand10to15feetbehindtherhino.Antici atingitseverymove,awildlifeveterinarian ullsthetriggerofhisgunloadedwithatranquilizerdart,scoringadirecthitthatsuccessfully enetratestherhino'sinch-thickskin. 　　"WhenIamdartinganimalsliketheblackrhino,thereisthisimmensetrustbetweenmyselfandPiet,the ilot,"sayswildlifeveterinarian,Dr.DouwGrobler,whos ecializesinimmunizationsandtranslocations."Iknowexactlywhathe'sgoingtodoandwherehe'sgoingto laceme.Idon'thavetothink.Icanjustconcentrateontheanimals.Ijustknowhe'sgongto utmethereintherights otattherighttime.It'salmostthathesenseswhattheanimal'sgoingtodo.Inthatway,hecanchangetheanimal'smindwithhishelico ter." 　　Groblerhasmeasuredas ecificdrugdosage,whichcankee arhinoaslee foru totwohours.Oncetherhinoisdarted,thegroundcrewlandsassoonas ossibletoundertakeamultitudeoftasks.Theymonitorthebeast'svitalsigns,takeskinandbloodsam lestostudyitsbasichealthandtodetectanynutrientsthatarelacking.Thisensuresthatthehabitatishealthyforlong-term ro agation.Theyalsoconduct regnancytesting.Eachrhino'searisnotchedsothatitcanbeidentifiedeasilyfromtheairandground.Theti ofthesecondhornisremovedto rovidematerialforgeneticresearch,andatransmitterisfittedintotherhino'shornfortrackingitswhereabouts.Poachers resentaconstantdangertotherhinos'security.Shoulda oacherremovethehornforex ort,thetransmitterwouldtriggeranalarm. 　　Whentwomalesinhabitthesameterritory,onemustberelocatedbeforetheybattletothedeath.Placingaslingin osition,thecrewrollstherhinoaboardthe latform,makingsureitisfullyaslee .Withaliftingca abilityof3,500lb(1,590kg),theAStarB3canrelocatethe2,250-lb(1022-kg)rhinotoanareaofthesanctuarythatisaccessibleonlybyhelico ter. 　　Theextensiveresearchonelevenblackrhinosacquiredduringthefour-dayshootwasmade ossibleonlythroughSKFilm'sfinancialcontribution."Myfieldofex ertiseliesintheca tureandrelocationofAfricanwildlife.IamextremelygratefultoStraightU !fors onsoringthisincrediblyim ortantresearchandrelocation rogramatthegame ark.Withoutthefilm,thisresearchwouldnothaveha ened,"saysGrobler,whoorganizedtheca ture,researchandrelocation roject,withthefilm's roductioncrew."Everyanimalisjustsovaluable,"hesays,"andanyinformationthatcanbecollectedonthemisworthitsweightingold." 　　The rehistoricancestoroftoday'srhinosexistedmorethan50millionyearsago.Amongtoday'sfiverhinos ecies,theblackrhino,whichhastwohorns,hassufferedthemosts ectacularrateofdecline.Froma o ulationof65,000in1970ithadbeenhuntedalmosttoextinction,decliningtoa o ulationof2,300by1992-93.CurrentstatisticsindicatethattheAfricanblackrhino o ulationhasrisento3,500asaresultofthe rotectionofnaturereserves,develo edbyconservancygrou s,agenciesandgovernmentstofacilitatebreedingandrelocation rograms. 　　ThissegmentofStraightU !wasfilmedinonesuchreserveinSouthAfrica,whereblackrhinoshadbeenreintroducedin1986.Thehelico ter,anirre laceableco 《直升机在行动》的观看地址： http://www.wxszxjh.com/sp/1E0Bpzp1KZwe.html由西瓜电影网提供,欢迎转发分享！